Encoding

Automatic Processing

• Unconscious encoding of incidental information
• You encode space, time and word meaning without effort
• Things can become automatic with practice

Effortful Processing

• Encoding that requires attention  and conscious  effort
• Rehearsal is the most common effortful processing technique
• Through enough rehearsal, what was effortful becomes automatic

The Next-in-Line Effect : We seldom remember what the  person has just said or done if we are next in line.

Spacing Effect

• We encode better when we study or  practice over time
• Do not cram

Serial positioning effect

• Our tendency to  recall the best, the  last and  first items in a list

Types of Encoding

Semantic Encoding : the encoding of meaning, like the meaning of words

Acoustic Encoding : The encoding of sound, especially the  sounds of words

Visual Encoding : the encoding of picture images.

Tricks to encode

• use IMAGERY: Mental Pictures 
• Mnemonic Devices use imagery. Like my "peg word" system or....

Chunking

• Organizing items into familiar manageable units
• Often it will occur automatically