Intelligence

• The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
• Culturally specific
• Factor Analysis- Statistical procedure, identifies clusters of related items on a test
• General Intelligence- Charles Spearman
• Multiple Intelligences- Howard Gardner: Studied savants (limited mental ability except in one area)
• Types:
• Visual/Spatial
• Verbal/Linguistic
• Logical/Mathematical
• Bodily/Kinesthetic
• Musical/Rhythmic
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Natural

Sternberg’s Aspects:

• Analytical-problem solving
• Creative-novel ideas
• Practical-everyday tasks
• Emotional Intelligence
• Ability to perceive, express, understand, regulate emotion
• Assessing Intelligence
• Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon- Mental Age: what person of particular age should know
• IQ= (Mental Age/Chronological Age)100
• Doesn’t work with older people
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Uses factor analysis

Aptitude

• Test designed to predict person’s future performance
• Learning ability
• Achievement
• Assess what person has learned
• Tests must be:
• Standardized: Pre-tested, form normal distribution/bell curve
• Flynn Effect: Chart rises
• Reliability: Consistent
• Validity: How much a test measures what its supposed to
• Predictive
• Content
• Changes over time depending on type of intelligence (crystallized or fluid)
• Groups affect intelligent test scores

Tests discriminate but we must look deeper